Lead Fishing Tackle: The Case for Regulation in Washington State (A Graduate Thesis)

ABSTRACT

Lead Fishing Tackle: The Case for Regulation in Washington State
Rebecca Rothwell Schroeder

“Approximately 69 tons of lead fishing sinkers and jigs are discarded in Washington’s rivers, lakes, and marine waterways each year. Lost lead tackle is ingested by waterfowl and other wildlife, causing toxicity and death. Lead also infiltrates soil and water and is taken up by aquatic organisms. Additionally, the use and home manufacture of lead sinkers exposes users and their families to lead. Federal regulation proposed by the EPA in 1994 was not passed, leaving states to deal with the issue individually. Washington State has no regulations concerning the sale, use, or manufacture of lead fishing tackle, despite attempts by state agencies and the legislature. Economic, political, and social factors obstruct the passage of a ban on lead tackle in Washington, despite scientific studies demonstrating the toxic effects of lost lead tackle, and the availability of non-toxic sinkers and jigs at only slightly higher costs. Opposition from sportfishing associations stems from a predicted reduction in fishing participation. Resistance to a ban by tackle manufacturers and retailers is based on a predicted loss of revenue. Politicians and regulatory agencies may be reluctant to pursue lead tackle regulation because resistance associated with any ban proposal. Many anglers oppose banning of lead tackle because of concerns about government over-regulation. Anglers also claim that replacing lead sinkers and jigs with non-lead alternatives will be costly, although studies show that, onaverage, sinkers and jigs make up only about one percent of an angler’s budget.Lack of understanding of the hazards of lead tackle also contributes to anglers’resistance. Although an essential part of efforts to reduce lead exposure and releases, educational programs alone do little to reduce the use and loss of lead tackle. Regulation of lead fishing tackle in Washington, in conjunction with an educational program, is therefore recommended.”